Al-Kitab Journal for Human Sciences

Omar N. E. The Role of University Education in Achieving Sustainable Development in Society

Omar Nagmaldeen Enja — 2025-06-28

The world in the twenty-first century has witnessed many fundamental changes in the vision of higher education institutions and their educational orientations in various countries of the world in response to the variables imposed by information globalization, represented in building knowledge and cultural societies, protecting intellectual property, and raising the level of external efficiency to ensure the preparation of outputs that possess skills with the changing needs of the market. From this standpoint, universities and other higher education institutions have become a means for the advancement of societies, harnessing their scientific capabilities and energies to serve society and tightening the link between higher education plans and economic and social development plans through the pioneering role of higher education in achieving sustainable development for society and enhancing partnership through its contribution to the formation of knowledge capital and the development of human resources and their alignment with development requirements and labor market needs. The research aims to highlight the role of higher or university education in achieving sustainable development, as education is one of the powerful factors that help in achieving sustainable development, as education contributes to providing the workforce with appropriate directions for production, which helps to bring about the required qualitative shift from traditional production to a world based on the use of machines and modern technologies, as well as working to ensure the sustainability of natural resources for future generations and not to deplete them. ...and environmental conservation, with the need to integrate quality education into the agenda of sustainable development goals as it is an effective pivotal indicator for achieving sustainable development.

Lamyaa A. M. Environmental distribution of demographic indicators for the female population of Iraq

Lamyaa Ahmed Mohsin — 2025-06-28

The research aims to clarify the reality of demographic indicators for Females in Iraq at the environmental level (urban - rural) by focusing on some social and economic indicators by comparing them at the environmental level, relying on the descriptive and analytical approach in order to achieve the goal of the research, and the most important results of the research were: the high percentage of rural Females at the lower educational levels (and below - primary) compared to the high percentage of urban Females at the higher educational levels (middle school and above), and this indicates a widening gap in educational attainment among Females at the environmental level, and a lower rate of economic activity for rural Females compared to the rate for urban Females, which amounts to ( (8.6 and 13.9%) respectively. The percentage of Females heading families in urban areas reached 10.3%, which is a high percentage compared to the percentage of rural Females heading families, which was 8.6%.

Females within the age group (15-49) years in the countryside believe that it is justified for a husband to beat his wife in various circumstances, which is more than Females in urban areas. Their percentage in the countryside has increased compared to their percentage in urban areas, so the percentages of Females who believe that a man has the right to abuse his wife are higher. The highest percentage was for the reason of revealing household secrets, amounting to 46.5%, compared to a lower percentage in urban areas, which amounted to 28.4%. The lowest percentage was for the reason for burning food, which amounted to 19.4%, which is a high percentage compared to its percentage in urban areas.

Anass B. Field study in the humanities and social sciences: the sample as a model

Anass Bousselam Bousselam — 2025-06-28

The research problem tackles the importance and role of the sample in research field in the humanities and social sciences. In order to address the topic, we have adopted the analytical method. At the beginning of the article, we discussed the statistical sample: in terms of its definition, terms associated with it, and determinants of its withdrawal - determining its size and factors affecting its objectivity, then we moved To review the types of samples, whether probabilistic (simple random sample - regular random sample - stratified or gradual sample - fixed or permanent sample - compound or cluster sample - areal sample) or non-probability (intentional sample - casual sample - aggregate sample - voluntary sample Rolling Snowball Sample), and we concluded the article by highlighting the general positives of the sample and the errors associated with it.

May F. A. University Education Administration in Achieving Sustainable Environmental Development

May Faisal Ahmed — 2025-06-28

The aim of the research is to identify the role of university education management in achieving sustainable environmental development. The research adopted the descriptive analytical method. The research community consisted of 200 faculty members from the College of Education for Pure Sciences / Ibn Al-Haitham, and a random sample of 50 faculty members was selected from this community. A questionnaire was developed, containing 52 items distributed across five areas of the research. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed, and it was applied during the first semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. The research data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical program. The research concluded some results that were analyzed and discussed according to the study domains (students, environment, economy, society, and education). The main findings include that university education management plays a crucial role in achieving sustainable development, as statistical analyses showed a significant difference between the calculated and table values, indicating the importance of this role. There were no statistically significant differences at the 0.05 significance level for the variables (gender, experience, and academic qualification). The study concluded with a set of recommendations and suggestions related to the research topic

Ammar B. S. The role of the value system in enhancing educational outcomes and advancing society

Ammar Bassem Saleh — 2025-06-28

Islamic systems are distinguished from other systems by a set of concepts that encompass rulings clarifying for people what they need in their worldly lives. By applying these rulings, they find what they desire and attain their Hereafter, savoring their sweetness in worship and delighting in their taste in transactions. This humble research attempts to demonstrate how Islam contributes to raising the level of education and ways to develop it, while warding off the dangers of intellectual distortion in areas practiced by the claimants of (lame) civilization against Islam out of envy and arrogance. It also clarifies the role of Islamic values in building societies and spreading a culture of values among community members, highlighting the connection between the theoretical aspect and practical application of the role of values in society. Additionally, it illustrates the contributions of diverse values in building all aspects of life for individuals in society.

Sarah A. A. Measuring wind erosion in Muthanna Governorate using climate equations

Sarah Ali Abdul-Jubouri — 2025-06-28

The research aims to measure wind erosion in Al-Muthanna Governorate, located in the southwestern part of Iraq, as it is bordered to the north by Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, to the east by Basra and Dhi Qar Governorates, to the west by Najaf Governorate, and to the south it is bordered by Saudi Arabia. It extends astronomically between two circles of latitude (31° 42' - 29° 05') North and between arcs of longitude (46° 32' - 43° 50') East, Some mathematical equations and statistical methods were used and applied to the study data extending from (1988-2021) to measure wind erosion in the study area Among these equations are : A- Shabil equation, C=386 by applying this equation the wind erosion in the area of study is very high after comparing it with the criteria set by Chepil for wind susceptibility on wind erosion ,B- equation of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the International Organization (FAO) in 1979 is as follows Through applying this equation, it was revealed that there is a noticeable difference in the values of the climatic susceptibility to wind erosion between the stations of the study area, as the lowest values of the climatic susceptibility to wind erosion were recorded. The wind rate at Nasiriyah station in the winter season is (7.14). This is due to the increase in the actual value of rain, in which the monthly rates of rain are higher than the monthly rates of evaporation, which led to an increase in the moisture content of the soil, which worked to consolidate it and increase its resistance to wind erosion, while the highest values of climatic susceptibility were recorded in the winter season. In summer, the rate is (39.68) and this is due to the lack of rain during the summer months and the high values of evaporation, which made the soil dry and loose, so it is easy for the wind to move it. As for the Samawa station, the lowest values of climatic susceptibility to wind erosion in the winter were recorded at a rate of (1.85). This is due to the increase in the actual value of rain, in which the monthly rates of rain are higher than the monthly rates of evaporation, which led to an increase in the moisture content of the soil, which worked to consolidate it and increase its resistance to wind erosion, while the highest values of climatic susceptibility to wind erosion were recorded in the spring at a rate of (11.52), and this is due to the presence of high wind speeds during the spring seasons led to an increase soil susceptibility to wind erosion C- Wind pressure equation: P=V²× 0.006 The highest average wind pressure was in the summer (1.97 kg/m), while the lowest average wind pressure was recorded in the winter (0.74 kg/m). As for the Samawa station, the annual average wind pressure was (0.69 kg/m), as the highest average pressure was recorded. Wind in the spring is (0.89 kg/m), while the lowest average wind pressure was recorded in the winter is (0.29 kg/m) and the research reached several results, the most notable of which were:

The study area is characterized by climatic conditions represented by high temperatures and low rainfall evaporation increased, which was reflected in the activity of the wind erosion process.
What is flawed with the Shabil equation is that it did not take into account the soil and its properties. It also excluded evaporation rates, which by increasing or decreasing them affect erosion, in addition to the inability to extract monthly rates of wind induction.
The results of applying the Shabil equation to measure wind erosion showed that wind erosion is very high at Nasiriyah and Samawa stations during the study period this is due to the nature of the areas in which it allows the wind to move without anything obstructing it.

Falah S. H. Innovations in technology and good governance for the development of education in light of the concepts of sustainable development

Falah Saleh Hussein — 2025-06-28

Cultural development cannot be achieved except by developing education in its various aspects of governance, involving educational and university institutions in promoting cultural action, developing the social environment, and contributing to enriching the local, regional, national and national cultural scene. Meaning that education is the engine of sustainable development, and the foundation of progress and prosperity, especially if this education is based on creative foundations based on production, innovation, scientific research, and self-reliance. Education and upbringing are also “the tools for this change of mental structures. To play this role, education must be new, capable of preparing young people for modern thinking, starting from primary school. Through modern upbringing and education, young people are transformed into a human engine for the development of society.” This is because all existing political, economic and social structures will not remain in a fixed state, but will also evolve with time. The rate of this development is very large and rapid in the moments and periods in which many existing and inherited structures are replaced, and new structures are replaced. This factor should be taken into consideration, because its effect in accelerating the rate of development, and indeed on all of society’s activity, productivity and effectiveness, is usually an exceptional effect in its strength of momentum and its rate of speed, especially since there is much clear international evidence on the extent of the effect of these changes in accelerating the rate of growth. and development. Many countries have proven that they are living and effective societies, capable of movement, in order to push their activity and progress to the verge of the achievements achieved by societies. “Live and effective, capable of movement, in order to advance its activity and progress to the verge of achievements achieved by other societies, in an organized and positive manner that calls for admiration.” This means that the cultural approach can only be adopted in a society that believes in political effectiveness, respects human time and effort, and rejects bureaucracy and administrative routine.

Mohammad A. J. The relationship of local development with economic development and its effects in Iraq

Mohammad Abdulwahid Jayyas — 2025-06-28

Modern states seek to enhance their economic and living future by adopting comprehensive strategies for local development, which is considered one of the most effective tools for achieving sustainable growth Local economic development is defined as an organized process in which partners from various sectors—primarily the public and private sectors—participate with the aim of strengthening the economic capabilities of a specific geographic area. This contributes to the creation of job opportunities, improvement of income levels, and enhancement of citizens' quality of life. Local development plans are built on clear foundations based on an in-depth study of the economic and social realities of each governorate or region This includes identifying available resources and prioritizing key sectors, while establishing appropriate financing mechanisms such as local revenues (e.g., taxes), in addition to government support or investment partnerships Securing adequate funding sources is considered one of the key factors in ensuring the continuity and effectiveness of development projects. This highlights the crucial role that local economic development plays in building a balanced economy, one that is rooted in local communities as key actors, and that fosters the growth of various economic sectors—including agriculture, industry, and services. Such development ultimately contributes to social stability and the reduction of developmental gaps between regions.

Shaymaa T. Gh. Artificial intelligence is the shortest path to achieving the sustainable development goals

Shaymaa Talib Gheni — 2025-06-28

The present research examines the evolution of AI and its transformative impact over time, as well as its integration with modern technology to maximize benefits across various fields particularly sustainable development. AI applications, such as smart technologies in healthcare, education, transportation, communications, precision agriculture, renewable energy, smart cities, and sustainable industry, can enhance productivity, reduce environmental impact, lower costs, and optimize resource efficiency. Thus, AI is a key enabler of sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, critical ethical concerns arise: What if AI algorithms violate fundamental human rights, such as privacy, data security, and freedom of choice? What if AI perpetuates harmful social and cultural stereotypes? How can accountability be ensured if individuals or communities are excluded from AI’s benefits?

Global experiments demonstrate AI’s potential to drive tangible progress, with Arab initiatives increasingly adopting these technologies despite challenges like infrastructure gaps and technical training. The study concludes that AI is not just a tool but a shortcut to achieving SDGs—if governed by ethical, fair, and policy-aligned frameworks. These concerns have spurred the emergence of "AI ethics", aiming to align AI advancements with human rights and SDGs. International conferences now explore how AI can advance human welfare, overcome complex societal challenges, and foster sustainable development through innovative solutions.

Alaa E. A. Legal protection of the right to decent work for persons with disabilities In light of achieving the sustainable development goals of Egypt 2030 (Legal jurisprudence study)

Alaa El-Din Abdel Latif Abdel-Ati — 2025-06-28

Islamic Shari‘a upholds equality and the right to a dignified life, including the freedom to work according to one’s abilities—extending this right to persons with disabilities (PWDs). Egypt, aligning with these principles, ensures equal employment opportunities for PWDs, prohibiting discrimination and forced labor while promoting fair working conditions. The state supports vocational training, entrepreneurship, and labor market access, both domestically and internationally, in line with sustainable development goals. This study examines the legal protections for PWDs in Egypt, focusing on their impact on family and societal stability. By analyzing constitutional and legislative safeguards, it highlights the state’s commitment to securing PWDs’ rights to education, employment, and social integration, thereby fostering dignity and economic stability. The research underscores the link between inclusive policies and broader social peace, emphasizing the role of government initiatives in reducing poverty and unemployment among PWDs. Aligned with the theme of “Community Participation and Sustainability”, the study explores how international laws and treaties reinforce these efforts. Key terms such as disability, law, work, and sustainable development frame the discussion, advocating for policies that enhance PWDs’ quality of life and societal well-being. Ultimately, the research calls for rigorous implementation of inclusive development programs to address systemic barriers and achieve equitable prosperity.

Rania Gh. Disability and Sustainable Development in Tunisia: An Examination of the Contemporary Reality

Rania Ghouaiel Ghouaiel — 2025-06-28

The study examined the theme of disability and sustainable development using symbolic interactionism and qualitative methods through observation and semi-structured interviews with research samples of people with disabilities. We sought to scientifically investigate the issue of disability by examining micro-level living factors through field work we conducted in 2024 while exploring the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their contribution to the empowerment of people with disabilities in terms of inclusion.

The findings demonstrate the Tunisian government's lack of political will to bring its laws into compliance with international obligations as stated by the UN in regular treaty body assessments. To improve the status of individuals with disabilities, it appears important to coordinate Tunisian laws with international standards. Although funding for programs aimed at people with disabilities has grown in response to their expanding demands, a major obstacle still exists in the form of a comprehensive social policy that would enable them to take an active role in development. However, many have continued to make significant contributions in fields like sports and education.

It is therefore essential to recognize that the effective social inclusion of people with disabilities is intricately linked to accessibility, enabling everyone with a disability to take part in various activities in society, depending on the type and degree of their disability

Saeed A. K. Spatial Variation of Population Growth Rates In Sudan

Saeed Ali Kozy — 2025-06-28

This study, titled "Spatial Variation in Population Growth Rates in Sudan During the Period 1993-2008", aimed to explore the population growth rates across Sudan's regions and states, analyze their spatial disparities, and identify the underlying causes. To analyze data, derive results, and interpret findings, the study employed historical, descriptive, and analytical methods. Primary data sources included census records, while secondary sources were drawn from relevant literature.The study revealed several key findings, including a significant increase in Sudan's population during the period between the 1993 and 2008 censuses. The population nearly doubled, reaching 39,154,490 in the 2008 census, with an annual growth rate of 904,403 people. The population growth rates varied markedly across Sudan's states due to environmental and developmental factors. The highest growth rate was recorded in South Kordofan State at approximately 12.7%, attributed to high fertility rates, with children comprising about 50.6% of the state's population according to the 2008 census, as well as its proximity to conflict-affected regions.The study concluded with several recommendations, including the need to address the rapid population growth by developing appropriate developmental plans to ensure demographic and developmental balance in Sudan, adopting clear and balanced population policies and strategies, and integrating population policies with economic and social development plans and projects.

Abdulwaha Kh. A. Objective of sharia law in surat Al -Tahrim

Abdulwaha Khairabi Ali — 2025-06-28

This research examines the objectives (maqāṣid) of Sūrat al-Taḥrīm (Chapter 66 of the Quran), focusing on its teachings related to family, society, and marital relations. The surah calls for adherence to moral and ethical conduct as prescribed by Islamic law and serves as a reminder to the wives of the Prophet (peace be upon him) that Allah’s protective zeal for His Messenger is far greater and more profound in purpose than their own. The study adopts an inductive and deductive methodology, analyzing the entire surah by presenting each verse in its original scriptural form (rasm al-muṣḥaf) and identifying essential objectives derived from careful examination. The researcher then provides exegesis (tafsīr) of verses requiring clarification, drawing from classical and contemporary Quranic commentaries and referencing authoritative scholarly opinions. The study relies on both classical and modern sources, explains uncommon or difficult terms, and concludes with key findings. Among the most significant results: Sūrat al-Taḥrīm demonstrates that the Prophet (peace be upon him) is divinely protected in all his affairs by Allah’s grace. It admonishes the Prophet’s wives that Allah’s concern for His Messenger surpasses their own and carries a higher purpose. Additionally, the surah reveals that Allah discloses to the Prophet matters pertaining to him, including future events. Another key objective of the surah is the preservation of marital confidentiality, emphasizing the wife’s duty not to disclose private matters outside the home.

Alia A. I. Social responsibility of the media and its impact on sustainable development: A case study of the Akbarna program on Al-Masar Libyan TV.

Alia Ali Idris — 2025-06-28

This study examines the impact of media, particularly television, on sustainable development. Television has long been a central medium for family and societal discourse, and with technological advancements, digital TV now offers enhanced accessibility—viewable on mobile devices anytime, anywhere, with replay capabilities for deeper message analysis. Social media platforms further empower broadcasters to gauge audience needs through direct interaction, facilitating the communication of public concerns to policymakers. Using descriptive-analytical methodology, including content analysis, in-depth interviews with the program’s team, and researcher observations, the study focuses on Akhbaruna, a widely watched news program on Libya’s Al-Massar TV. Findings reveal that media adopting development-oriented content significantly influences sustainable development by simplifying and disseminating critical information. The analysis showed that Akhbaruna covered diverse development issues: Infrastructure/services (16%), Health (15.2%), Education (14.4%), Economy (12%), followed by environment, poverty, aid, innovation, and culture. It is recommended to: Sustain and fund successful developmental programs. Government support for developmental media initiatives, ensuring transparent information flow. Enact balanced media freedom legislation to align with development goals.

Faleh J. Sh. in management Tale terms of the organizational commitment of sports talent centers in the governorates of central and southern Iraq

Faleh Jaaz Shalash — 2025-06-28

The present study aims to evaluate the administrative performance of the sport talent management in terms of the organizational commitment in the youth and sports institutions as seen by the employees. Through a set of sub-goals The sample was (120) employees of sports and youth institutions in Baghdad governorate. The sample was randomly selected for all workers in sports and youth institutions and 100%. The statistical bag was used. For data extraction.The research reached:

The management of sports talent affects morally and in a direct relationship with the organizational commitment from the point of view of employees in youth and sports institutions.
The organizational commitment is significant and has a direct relationship with the management of the institution from the point of view of employees in youth and sports institutions.

The research has recommended:

Put the right person in the right place to exploit the skills he enjoys.
Move employees between the functions of the institution to increase the acquisition of skills.
Pay attention to the importance of evaluating the institutional performance to raise awareness of employees in sports and youth institutions.