The prevalence of preeclampsia and eclampsia among pregnant women and its association with socio-demographic and anthropometric factors at hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan Pahang

Abstract

Background: The main causes of maternal morbidity and mortality are preeclampsia and eclampsia. It is becoming the main public health issue nowadays. Preeclampsia and eclampsia can be affected by many factors. Objective: In this study, the researcher intended to explore the prevalence of preeclampsia and eclampsia in hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan Pahang. As well as the researcher also intended to identify the main factors that can increase the occurrence of preeclampsia and eclampsia among pregnant women. For this study, the association factors are the socio-demographic and anthropometric factors of pregnant women who had given birth at Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan. A total of 380 pregnant women who had given birth at the Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan were included in this study. The patient record has been explored to get information and data about pregnant women, which is the National Obstetrics Registry database (NOR). From all the pregnant women during the study period, the researcher classified these pregnant women into those who had preeclampsia and did not have preeclampsia. Next, the demographic and anthropometrics data about the pregnant women who had given birth in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan were collected from the patient record. Their association with preeclampsia and eclampsia was studied. Results: It was found that the prevalence of preeclampsia among pregnant women who had given birth at HTAA during the study period was 2.6%, while no patient got eclampsia. This study also showed an association between maternal age and preeclampsia; the p-value was less than 0.001. There was also an association between the body mass index (BMI) and preeclampsia; the p-value was 0.004, which is less than 0.05. Conclusion: The prevalence of preeclampsia in HTAA was lower than in other studies. Various factors can increase the risk of getting pre-eclampsia, such as older maternal age and obesity.