Misuses and side effects of steroids derivatives

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32441/ijms.2.1.1

Keywords:

Steroids, Corticosteroids, Adrenal cortex, Cortisol, Aldosterone

Abstract

The term Steroid, denotes any of a class of natural or synthetic organic compounds characterized by a molecular structure of 17 carbon atoms arranged in four rings. Steroids are important in biology, chemistry, and medicine. They are classified into two major categories; the catabolic and the anabolic steroids. The catabolic steroids include corticosterone cortisone and aldosterone. The main
corticosteroids produced by the adrenal cortex are cortisol and aldosterone

References

Nussey S, Whitehead S. Endocrinology: An integrated approach. Oxford: BIOS Scientific Publishers, 2001.

Nussey S, Whitehead S. The adrenal gland. BIOS Scientific Publishers, 2001.

Liu D, Ahmet A, Ward l, Krishnamoorthy P, Mandelcorn E, Leigh R, et al. A practical guide to the monitoring and management of the complications of systemic corticosteroid therapy. Allergy Asthma Clin Imm 2013; 9 (1): 30. doi:10.1186/1710-1492-9-30. ISSN 1710-1484. PMC 3765115. PMID 23947590.

Shirley DA, Moonah S, Meza I. Fulminant Amebic Colitis after Corticosteroid Therapy: A Systematic Review. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2016; 10 (7): e0004879.

Hall R. Psychiatric Adverse Drug Reactions: Steroid Psychosis. Director of Research Monarch Health Corporation Marblehead, Massachusetts.

Korte SM. Corticosteroids in relation to fear, anxiety and psychopathology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2001; 25 (2): 117–42.

Swinburn CR, Wakefield JM, Newman SP, Jones PW. Evidence of prednisolone induced mood change ('steroid euphoria') in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 26 (6): 709–713.

Flores BH, Gumina HK. The neuropsychiatric sequelae of steroid treatment. 2003. http://www.dianafoundation.com/articles/df_04_article_01_steroids_pg01.html

Hasselgren PO, Alamdari N, Aversa Z, Gonnella P, Smith IJ, Tizio S. Corticosteroids and muscle wasting: Role of transcription factors, nuclear cofactors and hyper acettylation. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2010; 13 (4): 423–428.

Donihi AC, Raval D, Saul M, Korytkowski MT, DeVita MA. Prevalence and predictors of corticosteroid-related hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients. Endocr Pract 2006; 12 (4): 358–62.

Blackburn D, Hux J, Mamdani M. Quantification of the risk of corticosteroid-induced diabetes mellitus among the elderly. J Gene Intern Med 2010; 17 (9): 717–720.

Zhang L, Prietsch SO, Ducharme FM. Inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma: effects on growth. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 7: 2014; CD009471. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009471.pub2. PMI doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009471.pub2. PMID 25030198.

Pecora PG, Kaplan B. Corticosteroids and ulcers: is there an association? Ann Pharmacother 1996; 30 (7–8): 870–2.

Martinek J, Hlavova K, Zavada F, Seifert B, Rejchrt S, Urban O, Zavoral M. A surviving myth - corticosteroids are still considered ulcerogenic by a majority of physicians. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2010; 45:1156–61.

Fukushima C, Obase Y, Miazaki Y, Shimado T, Kohno S. Oral candidiasis associated with inhaled corticosteroid use: Comparison of fluticasone and beclomethasone. Ann Allergy Asthma Imm 2003; 90 (6): 646–651.

Shepard TH, Brent RL, Freidman JM, Jones KL, Miller RK, Moore CA, Polifka JE. Update on new developments in the study of human teratogens. Teratology 2002; 65 (4): 153–61.

Edith N, Olaniyi D, Samuel I. Misuse and abuse of topical steroids: implication. Expert Review of Dermatology 2007; 2 (1): 31–40.

Rathi S, Paschal D. Rational and ethical use of topical corticosteroids based on safety and efficacy. Indian J Derm 2012; 57 (4): 251–259.

Fukaya, M, Sato K, Sato M, Komati H, Fujisawa S, Dozono H, et al. Topical steroid addiction in atopic dermatitis. Drug Healthcare Patient Safety 2014; 6: 131–8.

Aljebab F, Choonara I, Conroy S. Systematic review of the toxicity of short course oral corticosteroids in children. Arch Dis Childhood 2016; 101 (4): 365–70.

Bonetti A, Tirelli F, Catapano A, Dazzi D, Dei Cas A, Solito F, et al. Side effects of anabolic steroids abuse. Int J Sports Med. 2008; 29:679–87.

Donahue JL, Lowenthal DT. Androgens, anabolic-androgenic steroids, and inhibitors. Am J Ther. 2000; 7:365–73.

Hall RC, Hall RC. Abuse of supraphysiologic doses of anabolic steroids. South Med J. 2005; 98:550–5.

Hartgens F, Kuipers H. Effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids in athletes. Sports Med. 2004; 34:513–54.

Kanayama G, Hudson JI, Pope HG. Long-term psychiatric and medical consequences of anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse: A looming public health concern? Drug and Alcohol Depend. 2008;98:1–12.

Pope HG, Katz DL. Affective and psychotic symptoms associated with anabolic use. Am J Psychiatry. 1988;145:487–90.

Pope HG, Kouri EM, Hudson JL. Effects of supraphysiological doses of testosterone on mood and aggression in normal men: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:133–40.

Schwerin MJ, Corcoran KJ, Fisher L, Patterson D, Askew W, Olrich T, et al. Social physique anxiety, body esteem, and social anxiety in bodybuilders and self-reported anabolic steroid users. Addictive Behavou. 1996;21:1–8.

Downloads

Published

2022-05-20 — Updated on 2019-01-01

Versions

How to Cite

Aljubori, N. . (2019). Misuses and side effects of steroids derivatives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, 2(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.32441/ijms.2.1.1 (Original work published May 20, 2022)