Shaima M. N. Trade Openness with Abundant Resources and Economic Growth in Iraq for the Period 2000-2020

Abstract

the abundant resource in the economic growth of the Iraqi economy, which is characterized by being a rentier economy, and to demonstrate the impact of that economic relationship between the two variables. To achieve this goal, the research used autoregression of distributed lag, and after testing the stability of the explanatory variables, moving towards the ARDL methodology. )) Developer, which showed that there is complementarity between the variables of the study in the short and long terms. The research assumes that reliance on the abundant natural resource negatively affects real economic growth in Iraq, which has a rentier structure, during the period 2000-2020. The research arrived at this through estimating the effect parameters and testing Causality in the long term: There is a positive relationship between trade openness and the degree of dependence on the abundant resource for economic growth in Iraq. That is, the greater the dependence on oil in the long term, the Iraqi economy will lead to a reduction in economic growth and the growth in Iraq will become impoverished, due to weak dependence on sectors. Other economic. The positive relationship is affected positively by the factor of abundance of natural resources, and negatively by the degree of dependence on them. However, this relationship between the explanatory variables did not show complete agreement according to the logic of economic theory for some of the variables used in the research and the explanatory variables represented by (the fixed capital formation ratio, and labor productivity, the ratio Spending on human capital is represented by public development spending on education in addition to development spending on health/total public spending, and the degree of dependence on the abundant resource represented by the ratio of oil exports/total exports, and we adopted the dependent variable as the average per capita share of GDP. It has been shown from Results