محمد يونس الصائغ وضع لاجئ المناخ في القانون الدولي العام

Abstract

           The end of the twentieth century witnessed a number of developments in the political, economic, and social spheres, which expanded to include environmental issues and related subjects that imposed themselves on the global agenda. In particular, the growing awareness of what has happened to the environment has become a worldwide concern, with people everywhere complaining about air, water, and food pollution, in addition to noise, the increase and accumulation of hazardous household and industrial waste, climate change, and the deterioration of the ozone layer, among others. These problems have emerged as one of the prominent issues at the top of the political and legal agenda, surpassing other matters.

This widespread awareness of environmental risks stems from the challenges they pose to human survival and well-being on the one hand, and the close connection between environmental problems and the economic, political, and technological systems related to them on the other. As a result, the early 1970s saw the establishment of organizations, agencies, associations, and political parties dedicated to environmental protection. In 1972, the first international conference on environmental pollution was held in Stockholm, organized by the United Nations. Subsequently, international agreements addressing pollution issues began to be convened, most notably the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992, and the Johannesburg Summit in South Africa in 2002, in addition to numerous other international and regional conferences too numerous to mention.