Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19): A Novel Pandemic Disease with Global Health Care Burden

COVID 19

Abstract

Coronavirus is an ancient virus with a worldwide distribution. This virus group is the second common cause of common cold after Rhinoviruses. Both human and animals are infected by Coronaviruses and induced mild respiratory infections with rare case severity. Bats, cats and camels are the reservoirs of coronaviruses and the viruses may be transmitted from animals to human and thus included in zoonotic infectious diseases. During the period from the 1st human coronavirus isolation, the virus without medical interest as they mostly induced mild upper respiratory infections. Coronaviruses are present for at least 500-800 years in human and all originated in bats. Additionally, this virus group is responsible for infections induction in mammals and birds. In medical history, only 3 global pandemics were reported, plague pandemic in 1720, Cholera pandemic in 1820, and Spanish influenza pandemic in 1920 . However, the COVID-19 pandemic differs from the previous 3 pandemics in its transmission in an exponential manner (Exponential equation). COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 which was naturally evolutes in animal and transmitted to human.